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B.4 CW modulation
QCL
R
Q
(~ 1-2 Ohm)
C
+
-
R
AC
~
U
AC
U
DC
L
I
AC
I
DC
U
Q
Figure B.3.: RLC circuit for external power supply protection.
In general, X
Q
is of the order of 1..2 Ω. For a modulation frequency of 10kHz, L
should therefore be of the order of 3mH or larger.
rules of thumb for R and C
To prevent the AC source from dominating or reverse biasing the current through the
QCL, U
AC
< U
Q
must always be given (in absolute values). Furthermore, as the AC
voltage source together with R
AC
, C is forming a current source, to prevent variations
of QCL dynamic resistance X
Q
to influence the AC current, R
A
C + X
C
>> X
Q
must
be guaranteed. As the generator for U
AC
will have an impedance Z
AC
, impedance
matching demands for R
AC
+ X
C
+ X
Q
= Z
AC
. Putting these constraints together
leads to I
AC
< U
Q
/Z
AC
.
For the capacitor C to let pass the AC current, 2πR
AC
C > 1/f must be true, and
with X
C
= R
AC
/100 or smaller to make sure that the impedance of the AC current
source does not vary too much with frequency, it follows that roughly C > 8/Z
AC
/f.
For a 50 Ω generator at 10kHz, C should therefore be of the order of 16uF or larger.
Please keep in mind that such high capacity components may have a remarkably
high inductivity, so it may be useful to put a second capacitor of small value (some nF,
Tantalum or similar non-polarized type) in parallel to the one calculated before.
c
2014 SA 113
- 2014 ALPES LASERS SA 1
- 2014 SA iii 3
- Typesetting conventions 6
- Contents 7
- 2014 SA ix 9
- 1. Overview 11
- 1.1. ALPES LASERS products 12
- 1.1.3. QCL mounting 13
- 2014 SA 5 15
- 1.2.3. TO3 Housing 17
- 1.3. Starter kit 18
- 2014 SA 9 19
- Chapter 1: Overview 20
- 10 QCL user’s manual v3.1.3 20
- 2014 SA 11 21
- 2014 SA 13 23
- 1.4. Peripherals 25
- 1.5. Fields of applications 26
- 1.5.2. THz 27
- 2. Safety 29
- • Visible damage 30
- • Severe transport stress 30
- 2.2. Notation 31
- 2.2.1. Symbols and labels 32
- ASER radiation hazard 33
- 3. Installation 35
- 3.1. Prerequisites 36
- 2014 SA 27 37
- 3.1.2. Cooling 38
- 3.2. Receiving procedure 39
- 2014 SA 31 41
- 3.3. Connections 42
- 2014 SA 33 43
- 3.3.1. LLH 44
- 3.3.2. HHL 45
- 3.3.3. TO3 46
- 3.3.4. LDD 47
- 3.3.5. CTL cable 48
- 3.3.6. CTLm cable 49
- 3.3.7. TC-LLH cable 50
- 3.3.8. TC-HHL cable 50
- 3.3.9. CPL cable 50
- 3.3 Connections 51
- Figure 3.11.: CPL cable 51
- 3.3.10. CIL cable 52
- 3.3.11. Connection procedure 53
- • LLH housing in pulsed mode: 54
- • HHL housing in pulsed mode: 54
- 4. QCL Operation 55
- 4.1. Principle of operation 56
- 4.2. ALPES LASERS datasheet 57
- 4.3. QCL spectra 58
- 4.3 QCL spectra 59
- Chapter 4: QCL Operation 60
- 50 QCL user’s manual v3.1.3 60
- 2014 SA 51 61
- • for a temperature of 0 62
- 2014 SA 53 63
- LPES LASERS QCL is 64
- 4.4.2. Maximum LDD voltage 65
- 4.4.3. Other DFB QCL plots 66
- 4.5. Beam Properties 67
- 5. Starter Kit Operation 69
- 5.1.1. Quick Start Procedure 70
- 2014 SA 61 71
- 2014 SA 63 73
- 5.2.1. TCU startup 75
- 5.2.2. Internal/external mode 75
- 5.2.3. TCU interlock 76
- Ω TTL Gate IN 77
- Ω TTL Output 77
- Ω TTL Trig OUT 77
- Ω TTL Trig IN 77
- 73*LQWHUQDOVLJQDO 78
- *DWH,QH[WHUQDOVLJQDO 78
- 2XWSXWVLJQDO 78
- 5.3 TTL Pulse Generator (TPG) 79
- LPES LASERS or 80
- 5.3.3. Maximum duty cycle 81
- 5.4. General procedures 82
- 2014 SA 73 83
- 5.4.2. QCL shutdown 84
- 6. Technical specifications 85
- 76 QCL user’s manual v3.1.3 86
- 2014 SA 77 87
- Figure 6.6.: HHL housing 89
- Figure 6.8.: NS mounting 90
- 80 QCL user’s manual v3.1.3 90
- Figure 6.9.: ST mounting 91
- 7. Maintenance 93
- 7.1.1. Handling 94
- 7.1.2. Contact set 95
- 86 QCL user’s manual v3.1.3 96
- 7.1.3. Procedure 97
- 2014 SA 89 99
- 7.2. Calibration procedures 100
- 2014 SA 91 101
- 7.2.2. TCU calibration 102
- 2014 SA 93 103
- ±1 Ω resistor. Note: 104
- 2014 SA 95 105
- ⇒ 0,99 A 106
- ⇒ 4,99 A 106
- 2014 SA 97 107
- Chapter 7: Maintenance 108
- 98 QCL user’s manual v3.1.3 108
- 2014 SA 99 109
- 7.2.3. TPG calibration 111
- 102 QCL user’s manual v3.1.3 112
- 2014 SA 103 113
- Ω . Choose 114
- A.1. QCL wavelength range 115
- A.2. QCL electrical response 116
- B.1. Direct QCL voltage 117
- LPES LASERS 118
- B.3.1. Principle 119
- B.3.2. Connection 119
- B.3.3. Procedure 119
- 2014 SA 111 121
- B.4. CW modulation 122
- 2014 SA 113 123
- C.1. LN2 Dewar 125
- C.2. Others 126
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